Cobweb Diagram
Unit square with y = rx(1 − x) and y = x. Cobweb shows successive iterates.
Bifurcation Diagram
For each r, iterate x ← r x (1 − x), discard transients, then plot the long‑term x values. Period‑doubling leads to chaos as r increases.
Bifurcation diagram: Each vertical slice corresponds to a single r. After skipping transient iterations, the remaining iterates reveal the attractor: a single point (fixed point), two points (period‑2), four points, and so on, accumulating into a fractal set of bands — the onset of chaos.
Lyapunov Exponent λ(r)
λ(r) ≈ (1/N) ∑ log |f’(xₙ)| after skipping transients; f’(x)=r(1−2x). Positive λ indicates chaos.